From, http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2877371/definition-of-lisp-form A lisp form is data that can be evaluated. 3 is a normal form. (+ 3 4) (if x y z) are compound forms. procedure and special (or syntax) respectively. procedure: sees the evaluated arguments special: arguments are not necessarily evaluated. (3 4 1) is lisp data that can't be evaluated, so is not a form at all.